Impact of Drought on Agriculture This Summer
This year, we are experiencing a dry summer, which has led to increased work for farmers who now need to irrigate their crops every two to three days. Current temperatures are reaching up to 41 degrees Celsius, accompanied by high UV radiation.
According to agricultural engineer and agronomist Filip Dimkoski, if we look back over a longer timeframe, it becomes clear that climate change is part of a natural process that is inevitably occurring, and human activity is only exacerbating this process, ultimately causing harm to our own survival. He explains that drought years are normal, just as it is normal to have rainy years.
“Last year, during spring and summer, we had over forty days of daily rainfall, while this year we are facing prolonged drought. Such conditions can benefit certain crops, but adversely affect others. The high temperatures, low precipitation, intense sunlight, and extended dry periods this year have caused stagnation in the physiological processes of plants, and even complete dying in areas where shading and irrigation have not been provided, along with other agronomic measures such as mulching. However, moving forward, farmers must focus on natural processes and adapt to the ongoing changes. To better adapt to these annually varying changes, continuous education is essential, as well as the adoption of good agricultural practices related to ecological and sustainable farming, utilizing old and indigenous seeds, and planting crops that are resistant to diseases and pests, as well as capable of adapting to climate changes. Specifically, this year’s problems stem from our inability to cope with the drought, which has been caused by multiple factors,” says Dimkoski.
He elaborates that the degradation of arable land due to excessive exploitation, poor soil management, and the application of large quantities of mineral fertilizers, along with issues in irrigation systems or their lack, are contributing factors.
“Therefore, this year’s drought has negatively impacted plant health, reducing their immunity and leading to the emergence of diseases and pests that exploit the weakness of the plants, resulting in sunburns and damage to fruits that diminish their market value, flower drop, leaf necrosis, and ultimately a lower yield with reduced quality. In horticulture, plants that require significant amounts of water during various growth stages, such as those in the Cucurbitaceae family—like cucumbers, melons, watermelons, and zucchini—as well as leafy crops and fruit-bearing plants during flowering, fruit set, and ripening phases, suffer particularly. In conclusion, we are the ones who need to adapt to climate changes, which can be achieved through an agricultural strategy involving farmers and relevant state factors. This strategy needs to be developed and implemented as soon as possible because food is essential for everyone, and we are already feeling a shortage of agricultural products,” Dimkoski explains.
Farmers have reported reduced yields in many crops, and the quality is not meeting desired levels. In previous years, there were complaints that the yields of certain vegetables were 30 percent lower than expected. Predictions indicate that we should expect hot summers and mild winters in the future, with little snowfall.
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