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Impact of Extreme Weather on Agriculture
The exceptionally high temperatures recorded in July, coupled with a worsening drought, have caused significant damage to corn and sunflower crops in various regions, including central, northeastern, and southern parts of the country, as reported by the Agro-Meteorology Section of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology.
Forecast for August Conditions
In August, the agro-meteorological conditions are expected to be influenced by temperatures that are around or above the established climate norms. A critical factor limiting the growth of late-season crops during this month will be the ongoing soil moisture deficit. Rainfall at the end of July was unevenly distributed, proving to be too late and insufficient to alleviate the moisture shortage faced by late agricultural crops. In some areas of the western and southern regions, soil moisture reserves in the 50 and 100 cm layers have been entirely depleted. However, there are exceptions in certain locations in Eastern Bulgaria, where rainfall of over 30-40 liters per square meter was recorded at the end of July (in Razgrad, Shumen, Ruse, Burgas, and Chirpan), which provided some moisture to the upper soil layers.
Dry Conditions Persist
For most days in August, the anticipated relatively dry weather will necessitate the application of increased irrigation rates for second crops and late hybrid corn, as these crops will be undergoing grain formation and filling. Additionally, late varieties of fruit trees and vines that are in the fruit enlargement phase will also require enhanced irrigation practices this month.
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Country Overview: Crop Development and Challenges
The ongoing agricultural season is nearing its conclusion, particularly for late spring crops. Unusually high temperatures and a lack of soil moisture during the first half of summer have accelerated the developmental stages of both corn and sunflowers. By early August, we can expect to see the ripening phase of sunflowers in the Danube Plain and southern regions. The first ten days of the month will mark the end of development for early corn hybrids, while medium-early varieties will reach the milk maturity stage. Medium-late corn hybrids are anticipated to enter the wax maturity phase during the third ten-day period of August.
Pest and Disease Management
The weather conditions throughout August are likely to hinder the spread of fungal diseases, with the exception of powdery mildew affecting vegetable crops, fruit trees, and vineyards. For late fruit varieties, it is crucial not to underestimate the detrimental impact of the last generation of fruit flies. In vineyards, monitoring for the emergence and density of the third generation of grapevine moth caterpillars is essential.
Protective Measures for Crops
During August, plant protection spraying should be conducted during the cooler parts of the day, using products that have an appropriate quarantine period aligned with the maturation timeline of the crops. This practice will help ensure the health and yield of the harvest while minimizing potential damage from pests and diseases.
