The City of Vlad the Impaler
Târgoviște, often recognized as the city of Vlad the Impaler, has held a significant role as a key economic, political-military, and cultural-artistic hub in Muntenia for nearly three centuries. If you find yourself in Dâmbovița, make sure to explore its tourist attractions and natural landscapes. Take a leisurely stroll through Târgoviște and venture into the surrounding areas, enjoying hikes and nature excursions.
Overview of Târgoviște
Located in the Muntenia region, Târgoviște serves as the economic, cultural, and political center of Dâmbovița County. This city is situated in the central-southern part of Romania, approximately 80 kilometers from Bucharest. According to the 2011 census, Târgoviște had a population of 79,610 residents. Its history is captivating, with archaeological findings indicating that the area has been inhabited since the Neolithic period.
Historical Significance
The earliest record of Târgoviște dates back to 1396, mentioned by Johann Schiltberger, a Bavarian crusader who arrived during the preparations for the Battle of Nicopolis. The city became the main royal residence of Wallachia during the reign of Mircea the Elder, a time when the Royal Court was renovated. Today, visitors can observe the ruins around the Chindia Tower, and archaeological studies suggest that a court existed here even before Mircea’s rule.
Vlad the Impaler’s Reign
Vlad the Impaler ascended to the throne in 1456 and famously triumphed in the battle against Sultan Mehmet II in 1462. During his reign, the Chindia Tower was constructed. Presently, Târgoviște is a popular destination easily accessible to those in Bucharest, boasting two large parks: Chindia Park and Mitropoliei Park, along with numerous fascinating cultural sites.
Târgoviște and Vlad the Impaler
Often referred to as “The City of Vlad the Impaler,” Târgoviște has a deep-rooted connection with the legendary ruler who has become an iconic figure in Romania’s history. Vlad, also known as Vlad Drăculea, ruled Wallachia multiple times throughout the 15th century, and Târgoviște served as the capital during his reign. Under Vlad’s rule, Târgoviște emerged as a crucial political, military, and economic center for Wallachia. The city was the royal residence from which Vlad governed and exerted his authority.
The Royal Court of Târgoviște
The Royal Court and other significant buildings were modernized and fortified during Vlad’s reign. The ruler utilized Târgoviște as a base for his military campaigns and strict governance, which earned him a reputation for his harsh justice and severe measures against nobles plotting against him. The ruins of the Royal Court, along with the imposing Chindia Tower—which was part of the fortifications built at that time—continue to attract tourists from around the globe, intrigued by the story of the ruler who inspired the Dracula legends.
Cultural Identity
Târgoviște has earned the nickname “The City of Vlad the Impaler” not only due to these historical events but also through the ongoing promotion of a cultural identity closely tied to the legendary figure of the voivode. The ensemble of the Royal Court in Târgoviște was designed as a complex of structures serving both as a defense and a residence for the voivodes of Wallachia.
Historical Significance of the Fortified Complex
The archaeological excavations indicate that the fortified complex was established during the reign of Mircea the Elder. A document issued by his son Mihail I, who co-ruled with him, dated between 1417 and 1418, mentions a fortified princely residence. During this period, the first chapel was built, alongside a residence, a defensive wall (a curtain wall constructed between two towers), and evidence of a small wooden palisade was discovered. Half a century later, the fortifications began to expand, likely during the reign of Vlad the Impaler. This construction unfolded in two phases: the first initiated by Vlad Dracul, who repaired and expanded the existing structures, and the second during Vlad the Impaler’s rule, which included the addition of several buildings and towers.
Expansion of Fortifications
By the end of the 15th century, approximately 20 meters of wall was raised, culminating in a watchtower. Another significant phase of expansion occurred at the end of the 16th century under Voivode Petru Cercel. However, the peak of development took place during Matei Basarab’s reign, during which the walls were doubled in thickness, the defensive ditch was reconstructed, and the entire complex was fortified. The buildings within the complex were further enhanced during the rule of Constantin Cârnul. Subsequently, during Constantin Brâncoveanu’s reign, additional renovations were made to the complex. Key structures within the enclosure include the Royal Palace, the Chindia Tower, the Church of Saint Friday, the Great Princely Church, the old chapel, the palace gardens, the princely bath, the Bălașa House, and the Pavilion.
The Chindia Tower
Constructed in the 15th century, the Chindia Tower is part of the Royal Court and was built by Vlad the Impaler during his second reign. Initially designed for defense, it housed the watchtower and the treasury, which needed to be protected at all costs. The tower now stands at 27 meters high with a diameter of 9 meters. Extensive restoration began in 1847, and its current form is attributed to Prince Gheorghe Bibescu, who raised it by an additional 5 meters compared to the original structure. The tower serves as a symbol of Târgoviște, attracting visitors and acting as a historical monument. Inside, there is an exhibition showcasing documents, weapons, and artifacts that belonged to Vlad the Impaler. Originally, the tower had two levels, and access was provided by a drawbridge from the first level of the adjacent house; however, the exact initial design remains uncertain.
The Royal Palace
The Royal Palace is a significant part of the Royal Court and is believed to be the first building that served as the princely residence, constructed around the year 1400 by Mircea the Elder. Only the foundation of the cellar made from river stones remains. Access was from the northern side, and during Vlad Dracul’s reign, several expansion projects were undertaken. These renovations were completed by 1440, with the new palace being situated against one of the enclosure walls. The cellar was well-preserved over time. In 1584, Petru Cercel concluded an extensive restoration campaign for the existing palace. To the south of the palace, he constructed a larger facility, which included three additional structures.
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Levels of the Royal Court
The basement has been expanded, facilitating communication between the two buildings. The ground floor of the new structure, comprising ten rooms, housed the princely chancellery along with various annexes. The upper floors were designated for the royal family’s bedrooms, accessible via an external staircase. Under the rule of Matei Basarab, the royal palace entered a new phase of reconstruction and transformation. However, the structure suffered significant damage due to tragic events in 1559-1560, when the ruler Gheorghe Ghica ordered the demolition of fortifications and portions of the palace.
The Great Princely Church
The Great Princely Church was established by Prince Petru Cercel during the restoration of the Royal Court. It also endured some damage during the 1595 campaign, which affected many buildings in the city. The church is divided into three sections: the exterior, the narthex, and the main area of the church. It features a dome designed based on the model of Greek-cross churches. Constantin Brâncoveanu partially renovated the palace and added a loggia with access to the Great Church. In 1803, a devastating earthquake caused severe damage to the church. When the Historical Monuments Commission was established in 1892, the church was included on the list of monuments requiring restoration, with work commencing in 1907. The towers and facades of the roof were altered, and the final restoration efforts took place in 1961.
The Small Princely Church – Saint Friday
The Church of Saint Friday is among the oldest places of worship in the country. It is the only monument from the mid-15th century that still stands today. Built in the mid-15th century, it underwent repairs in 1519 by a local nobleman. It is located at the northwestern edge of the second courtyard of the Royal Court. The church is first documented in the early 17th century during the reign of Alexandru Mircea Voievod. The church has a nave shape, and its unique architectural feature is the narrow and elongated side apses.
The Baths of the Royal Court
Within the Royal Court complex, there was also a bathhouse. The ruins are located on the eastern side of the buildings and were constructed during Matei Basarab’s reign. It consisted of three rooms arranged in a row: the first served as a changing room, the second was the bathing area, and to the south, without direct connection to the other two, was the chamber containing the cauldron for boiling water. The bath was likely supplied with water from a reservoir located near the northern facade of the building. Access from the princely houses to the bath was via a wooden staircase.
Entrance to the Royal Court
Entry into the Royal Court is through the Gate Tower, which includes a guardhouse. Upon arrival, visitors can view the various attractions inside. An impressive archway welcomes guests at the entrance, situated beneath the bell tower constructed in 1584. The southern gate and the bell tower create a tunnel where a plaque displays the names and reigns of all the rulers who resided here.
The Museum of Printing and Old Romanian Books
This museum is located right next to the large gate on the southeast side of the Royal Court. It is housed in a historic building that showcases the rich history of printing and literature in Romania.
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Reconstruction of a Historical Marvel
The stunning structure known as de Aramă has been completely rebuilt from the ground up. Historically, it replaced a monastic residence that once stood in its place. In the early 20th century, this building served various purposes, including that of a private school dormitory and a police headquarters for the city. During World War I, it became the command center for German forces.
The House of Lady Bălașa
Located to the east of the walls surrounding the Royal Court, the House of Lady Bălașa was erected in 1656 at the behest of Bălașa, the wife of Constantin Șerban Cârnu. Originally intended to shelter the sick, it later transitioned to a school. The house features four rooms on a single level, separated by two corridors. This charming and modest building stands as an intriguing historical monument.
Must-See Attractions in Târgoviște
If you find yourself in Târgoviște, be sure to explore both the natural sites and lesser-known attractions, such as the National Police Museum, the Zoo, or the Dealu Monastery.
The Gate of Bucharest
The Gate of Bucharest is a notable landmark in the city, representing one of the four entry points to the ancient seat of power from the 16th century. Restored in the 1990s, this monument holds great significance for the Fortress of the 33 Voivodes. It features rooms in the basement, ground floor, and two upper levels.
According to historian George Coandă, “There were four gates. The Gate of Bucharest received its name due to an error by the former mayor Theodor Bâte, who was quite industrious. Since it is located on the route out of Târgoviște toward Bucharest, it was named accordingly. The gate was constructed in the latter half of the 17th century during the second reign of Matei Basarab and was originally known as the Buzău Gate or the Southern Gate. At that time, the road to Bucharest followed the path where the intersection of Bulevardul Castanilor meets I.C. Brătianu and Tudor Vladimirescu now exists, taking the route from Văcărești to Potlogi to Bucharest. The Gate of Bucharest was situated near the roundabout connecting Tudor Vladimirescu, the bridge to Găeşti, and Băltărețu street.”
Târgoviște Zoo
Located on the northern edge of Chindia Park, the Târgoviște Zoo spans an area of four hectares and is an excellent spot for a leisurely walk with children. The zoo features an array of animal and bird species from all over the world, including some that are endangered. The admission fee is 8 lei for adults and 4 lei for children over three years old.
The National Police Museum
This museum is the only one of its kind in Romania and is situated directly across from the Royal Court, within the same premises as the Art Museum and the Museum of History. The building itself is an architectural monument, constructed on the site of the former “House of the Young Men,” established by Constantin Brâncoveanu in 1701. Here, visitors can explore the evolution of the Romanian Police, starting with the hall dedicated to Agia, the first police institution in Romania. The collection includes uniforms, weapons, and various historical documents of great significance.
Stelea Monastery
The Stelea Monastery is another important site worthy of a visit, showcasing the rich history and cultural heritage of the region.
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Orthodox Monastery of Stelea
The Orthodox Monastery of Stelea, established in the 15th and 16th centuries, is a remarkable historical site. Founded by the merchant Stelea, it is recognized as a significant cultural monument. The monastery complex includes the Church of the Resurrection, the Abbot’s House, the original cellar of the Abbot’s House, the monks’ quarters, surrounding walls, a bell tower, and the entrance gate.
Dealu Monastery
Situated on a hill near the city of Târgoviște, Dealu Monastery is a convent for nuns and a must-visit tourist attraction. Visitors are greeted by tranquility and breathtaking scenery. In 1598, Mihai Viteazul took an oath of allegiance to Emperor Rudolf II within the monastery’s church. Between 1912 and 1940, the site housed the Nicolae Filipescu Military High School, where notable figures like Corneliu Zelea Codreanu and the future King Mihai of Romania studied.
Conclusion
Both monasteries are not only spiritual havens but also significant historical landmarks that offer insights into Romania’s rich cultural heritage. Their serene environments and architectural beauty make them essential destinations for those exploring the region.
